Characterizing the Ordinary Broad-line Type Ic SN 2023pel from the Energetic GRB 230812B

Abstract

We report observations of the optical counterpart of the long gamma-ray burst (GRB) GRB 230812B and its associated supernova (SN) SN 2023pel. The proximity (z = 0.36) and high energy (E $_ γ,iso$ åisebox-0.5ex 10$^53$ erg) make it an important event to study as a probe of the connection between massive star core collapse and relativistic jet formation. With a phenomenological power-law model for the optical afterglow, we find a late-time flattening consistent with the presence of an associated SN. SN 2023pel has an absolute peak r-band magnitude of M $_ r $ = -19.46 ± 0.18 mag (about as bright as SN 1998bw) and evolves on quicker timescales. Using a radioactive heating model, we derive a nickel mass powering the SN of M $_Ni$ = 0.38 ± 0.01 M $_ødot$ and a peak bolometric luminosity of L $_bol$ i̊sebox-0.5ex 1.3 × 10$^43$ erg s$^-1$. We confirm SN 2023pel's classification as a broad- line Type Ic SN with a spectrum taken 15.5 days after its peak in the r band and derive a photospheric expansion velocity of v $_ph$ = 11,300 ± 1600 km s$^-1$ at that phase. Extrapolating this velocity to the time of maximum light, we derive the ejecta mass M $_ej$ = 1.0 ± 0.6 M $_ødot$ and kinetic energy $E_mathrmKE=1.3_-1.2^+3.3times 10^51,mathrmerg$ . We find that GRB 230812B/SN 2023pel has SN properties that are mostly consistent with the overall GRB-SN population. The lack of correlations found in the GRB-SN population between SN brightness and E $_ γ,iso$ for their associated GRBs across a broad range of 7 orders of magnitude provides further evidence that the central engine powering the relativistic ejecta is not coupled to the SN powering mechanism in GRB-SN systems.

Publication
Astrophysical Journal Letters

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