Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics

PTF 10fqs: A Luminous Red Nova in the Spiral Galaxy Messier 99

The Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) is systematically charting the optical transient and variable sky. A primary science driver of PTF is building a complete inventory of transients in the local universe (distance less than 200 Mpc). Here, we report …

Optimal Time-series Selection of Quasars

We present a novel method for the optimal selection of quasars using time-series observations in a single photometric bandpass. Utilizing the damped random walk model of Kelly et al., we parameterize the ensemble quasar structure function in Sloan …

Hubble Space Telescope Studies of Nearby Type Ia Supernovae: The Mean Maximum Light Ultraviolet Spectrum and its Dispersion

We present the first results of an ongoing campaign using the STIS spectrograph on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), whose primary goal is the study of near-ultraviolet (UV) spectra of local Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). Using events identified …

Monster in the Dark: The Ultraluminous GRB 080607 and Its Dusty Environment

We present early-time optical through infrared photometry of the bright Swift gamma-ray burst (GRB) 080607, starting only 6 s following the initial trigger in the rest frame. Complemented by our previously published spectroscopy, this high-quality …

A Mature Dusty Star-forming Galaxy Hosting GRB 080607 at z = 3.036

We report the discovery of the host galaxy of Swift dark burst GRB 080607 at z $_GRB$ = 3.036. GRB 080607 is a unique case of a highly extinguished (A$_V$ ≈ 3 mag) afterglow that was yet sufficiently bright for high-quality absorption-line …

Core-collapse Supernovae from the Palomar Transient Factory: Indications for a Different Population in Dwarf Galaxies

We use the first compilation of 72 core-collapse supernovae (SNe) from the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) to study their observed subtype distribution in dwarf galaxies compared to giant galaxies. Our sample is the largest single-survey, untargeted, …

Discovery of SN 2009nz Associated with GRB 091127

We report SMARTS, Gemini, and Swift-UVOT observations of the optical transient (OT) associated with gamma-ray burst (GRB) 091127, at redshift 0.49, taken between 0.9 hr and 102 days following the Swift trigger. In our early-time observations, the OT …

Evidence for supernova-synthesized dust from the rising afterglow of GRB 071025 at z̃ 5

We present observations and analysis of the broad-band afterglow of Swift GRB 071025. Using optical and infrared (RIYJHK) photometry, we derive a photometric redshift of 4.4 < z < 5.2; at this redshift our simultaneous multicolour observations …

Revealing the First Stellar and Supermassive Black Holes to EXIST

The epochs of origin of the first stars and galaxies, and subsequent growth of the first supermassive black holes, are among the most fundamental questions. Observations of the highest redshift Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) will be the most compelling in …

New Observations of the Very Luminous Supernova 2006gy: Evidence for Echoes

Supernova (SN) 2006gy was a hydrogen-rich core-collapse SN that remains one of the most luminous optical SNe ever observed. The total energy budget (>2 × 10$^51$ erg radiated in the optical alone) poses many challenges for standard SN theory. We …